Keratosis is a common skin condition involving excess keratin, leading to rough, scaly, or thickened patches. While most types are harmless, some may signal precancerous changes.

Types of Keratosis

• Seborrheic Keratosis: Non-cancerous, wart-like spots in shades of brown or black. Common in older adults and usually harmless.

• Actinic Keratosis: Precancerous patches caused by sun damage. Appears as rough, dry spots on sun-exposed areas and can lead to skin cancer if untreated.

• Keratosis Pilaris: Known as “chicken skin,” this causes small bumps, usually on arms or thighs. It’s harmless but may be cosmetically bothersome.

Causes & Risk Factors

• Sun exposure is the main cause of actinic keratosis.

• Genetics may contribute to seborrheic keratosis and keratosis pilaris.

• Dry skin and hormonal changes may worsen keratosis pilaris.

• Fair-skinned individuals and those with a family history are at higher risk.

Diagnosis & Treatment

A dermatologist can typically diagnose keratosis by examining the skin. If a spot looks suspicious, a biopsy may be done.

• Seborrheic Keratosis: Can be removed if needed via freezing, scraping, laser, or electrosurgery.

• Actinic Keratosis: Requires treatment (freezing, topical creams, or light therapy) to prevent cancer.

• Keratosis Pilaris: Managed with moisturizers and exfoliating creams.

Prevention

• Wear SPF 30+ sunscreen daily.

• Avoid tanning beds and limit midday sun.

• Use moisturizers for keratosis pilaris.

• Monitor skin for changes and consult a doctor if needed.

When to See a Doctor

Seek medical advice if a lesion:

• Becomes painful, bleeds, or changes quickly.

• Looks suspicious.

• Is bothersome and you want it removed.

Bottom line: Keratosis includes both harmless and potentially serious skin issues. Knowing the type helps guide treatment and prevention.