In the U.S., at least 79 minors under 14 are serving life sentences without parole—a fact condemned by human rights groups. Many were convicted amid poverty, abuse, or systemic neglect, raising questions about fairness and responsibility. Cases like Lionel Tate’s, sentenced to life at 12, highlight whether children truly grasp their actions.

Advocates argue such sentences ignore science showing that young brains are still developing and capable of change. Critics counter that severe crimes demand accountability, regardless of age.

Internationally, the U.S. remains one of few nations imposing life terms on minors—a policy widely criticized as morally indefensible. As one advocate said, “When a 13-year-old is told they’ll die in prison, it’s a sentence on our belief that people can change.