Bruising, or ecchymosis, happens when small blood vessels burst under the skin. It’s often harmless—caused by bumps or minor injuries—but frequent or unusual bruises could signal an underlying issue.

Vitamin deficiencies are a common cause. Lack of vitamin C weakens blood vessels, while vitamin K is essential for clotting. Low vitamin D or B vitamins may also increase bruising risk.

Some supplements—like omega-3s, ginkgo, ginseng, garlic, and vitamin E—can thin the blood, making bruises more likely. Medications such as blood thinners and steroids can have similar effects.

Aging, sun damage, and medical conditions (like diabetes or blood disorders) may also play a role.

To treat bruises, use RICE: Rest, Ice, Compression, Elevation. Switch to heat after a few days and avoid aspirin or ibuprofen.

See a doctor if bruises are frequent, don’t heal, or appear in unusual places—it could be a sign of something more serious.