A new study has linked long-term gabapentin use to a higher risk of dementia and mild cognitive impairment (MCI). Gabapentin, commonly prescribed for nerve pain and seizures—and often used off-label for anxiety, insomnia, and fibromyalgia—is generally seen as less addictive than alternatives. However, side effects can include dizziness, fatigue, and memory issues.

The study, published in Regional Anesthesia & Pain Medicine, analyzed over 26,000 adults. It found that those with six or more gabapentin prescriptions had a 29% higher dementia risk and 85% higher MCI risk. Adults aged 35–49 showed the strongest association, with dementia risk doubling.

Researchers caution the findings show correlation, not causation. The study didn’t adjust for health conditions, other medications, or lifestyle factors. Experts urge physicians to monitor cognitive function in long-term users and report memory concerns.

Further research is needed to determine if gabapentin contributes directly to cognitive decline or neurodegeneration.