Skin Rashes: Types and Causes

Skin rashes vary widely, but they all have one thing in common: they cause inflammation and irritation. While most aren’t dangerous, they can be uncomfortable or embarrassing. Because they have different causes—such as heat, infections, allergies, medications, or immune disorders—they also show different symptoms and require different treatments. Seeing a specialist is recommended for proper diagnosis.

1. Atopic Dermatitis

A common chronic rash that comes and goes throughout life. It causes intense itching, redness, and sometimes blisters or scaling. The exact cause is unknown, but it often runs in families with allergies, asthma, or eczema.

2. Psoriasis

A chronic autoimmune skin condition affecting about 2% of the global population. It presents as red, scaly plaques—often on the trunk, scalp, and elbows. It has a strong genetic link.

3. Allergic Contact Dermatitis

Caused by skin contact with allergens like perfumes, hair dyes, or jewelry. Only the contact area is affected. Symptoms include itching, swelling, blisters, and scabs.

4. Pityriasis Versicolor

A fungal skin condition caused by Malassezia spp. It appears as well-defined, scaly patches of varying color. It’s more common in adolescents, especially young women.

5. Seborrheic Dermatitis

A common rash affecting oily areas like the scalp, face, and ears. Its cause is unknown but linked to stress, obesity, and extreme weather. Symptoms include redness, yellowish scales, itching, and dandruff.