Nail melanoma, or subungual melanoma, is a rare skin cancer starting in the epidermis, affecting melanocytes responsible for skin pigmentation. It accounts for 2-3% of skin melanomas and often develops under fingernails or toenails. Unlike most melanomas, it’s not linked to UV exposure but can result from nail injuries, genetics, or medical conditions.

Symptoms include dark streaks under nails, discoloration, inflammation, splitting, and nail bed separation. Diagnosis typically requires a biopsy. Treatments involve surgery, immunotherapy, or radiation in advanced cases. Early detection significantly improves survival rates, making regular nail examinations essential to catching symptoms early.